3. American Dualism
 

  As Tuqville pointed out American mind depends on Descartes' philosophy. It is depended on the principle of dualism and seeks to measure everything only as quantitative. American people cannot afford to distinguish something sufficiently according to its quality. But it is the secret why they can persecute their material prosperity so extremely. For outer people American seems so greed, especially in economic activity. They enjoy Millionaire with the phrase of 'final answer' and the adventure of Capitalism reading Wall-street Journal. But, on the other hand, there are no people who seek the ideal of justice as them. In this country we can find their law system that naturally is related with local community. They have natural sense of democracy, which is founded on the spirit of Christianity.

 Once I was invited to local court to speak Japanese society. Here, a room of court was opened for some boys who study in Boy Scout and I talked about Japan and Japanese for them. It was very precious experience for me, because I could feel how their democracy is closed to local community. And I had some opportunity to take part in the service in Christian Church. It is difficult in Japan to find someone who goes to church or temple every Sunday. Compared with Japanese, they remain communities to aid mutual with religious spirit. No matter how American greed seems extremely, American society keep some ability that restrains it and balance between their greed and justice within this country.

 Unfortunately this balance cannot be found out of this country because others cannot accept their idea of justice and Christianity automatically with the martial result of their civilization. Even if the ideal of community or democracy is common among American people, it is not familiar for others. For American people it is too natural to notice but for others too strange to accept. If you study the modern history of Japan, you will find how difficult to accept it in other countries.

 Some of Christian thoughts are depended on dualism. Many Christian people consider the idea of the Creator of world is so evident that it can testify the existence of God. It comes from their unconsciousness idea that 'to create' and 'to be created' is different. But for Japanese this idea is strange and they may ask Christian ewho create the Creatorf. For Japanese the work 'to create' cannot be separated from eto be created' and they consider the nature create itself according to its order. I think this different comes from the difference of their language system but, any way, it is not noticed well.

 And, on the other hand, Christianity tends to separate human society from the kingdom of God. The thing for Caesar to Caesar and the thing for God to God. It is important point to recognize the difference between Christian society and Islamic world. In latter all social problems should be solved according to God's Law, Quruan or Hadies. It is impossible for them to separate social law from God's Law. This is the reason why they cannot accept western civilization easily and sometimes attack it.

 I consider this kind of idea that rejects dualism is the wisdom to take precautions against the recklessness of human society. However it is effective material prosperity, dualism is dangerous. Because the balance between opponents may be lost accidentally, as long as each can be exists without another. And also in dualism the idea of quality often omitted compared to that of quantity. After Descartes proposed the dualism between spirit and material, natural sciences that deal with material have progressed rapidly but other human study are not so. It is because the material is easily measured as quantitative, but the spirit should not be measured easily as quality. Out of U.S., only the greed spreads intensely as measured by money and results in various kinds problems that are not limited within the sphere of society.

 Many American people are ignorant to the environment problem yet, which needs to consider something not to be measured.  For example, Mr. Pilzer considers this problem only from the aspect of quantity of resources.
 

 And the only thing changing faster than the increase in supply of these supposedly scarce resources has been their falling prices ? which are as much the result of the increased resources efficiency with which we use them as of our better methods of finding and extracting them.

 Between 1980 and 1985 alone, prices in the International Monetary Fund's thirty-product commodity index dropped fully 74 percent. Throughout the 1980's, and early 1990s, the cost of such raw materials as bauxite, coal, cocoa beans, coffee, copper, cotton, hides, iron ore, lead, manganese, nickel, oil, potash, rice, rubber, silver, soybeans, sugar, tin, and wheat collapsed ? many falling to their lowest level in half a century.

 And the outlook for the foreseeable future is for more of the same. Indeed, the downward trend has been so dramatic that the U.S. Office of Technology Assessment has concluded that America's "future has probably never been less constrained by the cost of natural resources."  ('God wants You to be Rich' p53)
 

 This paragraph is found 'The Search for Camelot', in which he refers to the environment problem. But he regards it only as the problem of distribution of resources. He critics some ecologists from the point of the development of technology but both they and he mistake to regard this problem as the problem of quantity. The essential point of this problem is the quality of our environment has been harmed unreversibly. Even if the problem of resources can be resolved by technology, it is very hard to recover the environment that once destroyed. Generally speaking, American people tend to have excessive expectation to technology. But it can bring us more serious problem than what we expect. The more technology advances, the more human responsibility increases.  For Japanese who live in narrow island, American people do not seem so serious to environment problem. American people are the people who live in great island.

 Some environmentalists in Japan consider western culture that tends to rule the nature caused the environment problem. I avoid judging whether it is true or not. But I insist that the dualism in western culture made the problem of modern civilization more seriously. Nevertheless there are few to notice this philosophical incident concerning modern civilization. We need to have the point to reflect our own society as itself to resolve modern problems. It calls for the spirit of Kritik (critic) according to Kant's philosophy.
 
 

[<<BACK] [NEXT>>]

[Introduction]